| Abstract: | This study investigates the origins, characteristics, and impacts of Geo-effective Coronal
Mass Ejections (CMEs) on Earth's space environment during solar cycle 24 th (2009-2019),
with a focus on their contribution to space weather phenomena. Specifically, we examine
Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) detected at the first Lagrangian point (L1),
analyzing key features such as enhanced magnetic field strength, magnetic field rotation, and
reduced proton temperatures,Plasma-β ratio particularly within Magnetic Clouds. Our work
emphasizes CMEs that triggered significant Geomagnetic disturbances, identifying their
heliospheric distribution and solar source regions. Using data from Large Angle and
Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO), Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), Advanced
Composition Explorer (ACE), Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES),
and catalogs such as Cane and Richardson’s ICME list, CDAW, ARIES, and the HESSI Flare
Catalog, we trace the Solar origins of these ICMEs through the Graduated Cylindrical Shell
(GCS) model and Jhelioviewer software. This research also investigates the characteristics of
solar flares associated with Geo-effective CMEs, offering insights into the link between solar
activity and space weather. By analyzing the variation in major Geo-effective CMEs over the
solar cycle, our findings enhance the understanding of solar-terrestrial interactions and
improve predictive capabilities for space weather events. |
